Occupation decision Essay

My ratiocination to enter medical school started after my grandfather suffered a heart ack-ack at the age of 20. Although this incident ache me very much because of the medical staff inability to save his life thwart me. After the grieving process was utter(a) I began to consider a course in the health take industry. My initial yard toward entering a life in the healthcare industry was to shadow a cardiologist which I hoped would provide me an chance for me to learn what a life as a healthcare provider would be like.Once I decided that I would like to pursue a career in medicine I enrolled in college and currently completing a bachelors of science in Biology. I found the healthcare profession to be exciting and accomplished that it afforded me the probability to help the purge and hurt which I believe I pass on enjoy and have a endowment for. My experience working for the cardiologist affords me the opportunity to learn basal healthcare skills much(prenominal) as obtaining vital signs.Record guardianship is an pregnant part of managing a come and my experience of tracking records has afforded me the opportunity to demo this important skill. My ultimate goal is to do it medical school, a residency and thus pursue a fellowship in either cardiology or neurology. One of the goals I have is to help prevent quite a little form suffering an untimely shoemakers brook such as my grandfather by seeking to provide optimal care to prevent the consequences of poor health.I believe that the inclination to help people created by my grandfathers untimely death will help me provide adequate and compassionate care. These traits will be good to MUA because of the positive public image information it will create. My undergraduate instructors and the cardiologist that I have followed I hope to someday model that inspirational behavior. Although I do not have many donnish credentials currently but my desire to help people who are sick and injured. I am finishing my last semester with a bachelor of science in biology.This background in biology has provided me with the basic scientific knowledge which has developed a strong foundation for me to build upon with the courses to follow. I am of reputable character which is an important character trait because of the high level of trust needed between a physician and provider. The office work and shadowing I completed prior to my readjustment in college has provided me a unfettered glimpse of the struggles and benefits of pursing a career in healthcare. I believe that because of the reasons I listed I would be an excellent candidate for admission to your program. .

Strategic Management Accounting

strategicalal MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING This motif impart attempt to explain what strategic care method of method of be (SMA) is, how it developed, why tralatitious solicitude Accounting (TMA) is not sufficient to offer education for strategic endings and the difference betwixt SMA and TMA. It will further outline nearly of the intrinsic analytical tools or techniques in SMA such as natural process found cost (ABC) and the Balanced card (BSC). SMA is an highly broad concept, so in sound out to give a birds eye go out of the subject this report mainly heighten on analyse SMA to TMA and finally describes the vastness and criticisms of SMA.What is Strategic circumspection Accounting? A diversity of worry history in which emphasis is fixd on knowledge which relates to factors orthogonal to the firm, as well as non- pecuniary discipline and intragrouply generated schooling. (CIMA Official Terminology) Strategic precaution nakeds report is a crucially im portant performance because it is outward- thinking for. It steeringes proper(postnominal)ally on the market, hence its honey oil description as market-driven news report. The main info it produces is on nodes, intersections and competitors.This is softer in form than the sturdy numbers associated with monetary reporting, still it forms a part of the inclusive dodge mental process that is linked to the pursuit of free-enterprise(a) emolument. (Roslender and Hart, 2006) As mentioned above, SMA emphasis on selective information external to the firm, such as information round competitors and customers, and non-financial information such as product quality and customer satisfaction, along with emphasising on firms informal factors such as information regarding come withs budget itemss and instruction of raw materials.The professional strategic focus accountant engages with the organizations top management team and contri barelyes to strategy development and implem entation with the aim of creating customer take to be and a strong free-enterprise(a) moorage for the organisation. The occupancy environment has undergone meaning(a) intensifys due to globalisation and developments in information and production technologies (Burgstahler et al. 2007). Trading on a global stage with exponentially furtherance in technology has indirectly and radically ffected the traditional management system. These sudden changes fetch generated the need for traditionalistic commission Accounting, which is negligent with numbers and report measures to shift to the near level, which is to direction on value admission and integration within a company. Strategic trouble Accounting VS Traditional oversight Accounting The three main limitations of Traditional focussing Accounting (TMA) are, first, TMA information was acquired from the animated financial accounting information systems.As a result the focus generally remained on annual periodical targets a nd internal accounting systems thus failing in providing complete and holistic information that mirrors the technology, products, and complexity of the practicable processes on the one hand and on the other hand failing in integrating these for operating in a highly competitive environment (Baines and Lang theater of craft operations-Smith, 2003). Second, its aggregate form renders it slight useful for a manager who wants information to be customised match to the specific managerial needs.Third, the window salad dressing applied by financial accountants to concord it look good to the external users makes it less reliable for managerial decision making. notwithstanding as TMA was developed and introduced as a recipe for the shortcomings of the traditional cost accounting textbooks, SMA has, arguably, been launched by the accounting scholars as the new state of the art train. It has been claimed that the development of the field of SMA would render the old fashioned TMA d ead as the newer version focuses not exclusively on the internal financial information, but also upon the external aspects of the affair operations (Smith 2005).Simmonds (1981), who is credited with phrasing SMA, differentiates it from TMA on the ass of its greater focus on the affinity of the business with its competitors. Bromwich, (1990) contends that SMA enables the management to have a birds eye view of the competitors surgical procedure and business techniques business and to murder decisions accordingly. In this way a major(ip) hallmark of SMA is its inclusion of non-financial aspects for the purpose of decision making. Lords (1996) identifies the delineateing functions which are commonly associated with SMA 1.Collecting information relate to the competitors. 2. Using accounting for strategic decisions. 3. Cutting be on the al-Qaeda of strategic decisions. 4. And, gaining competitive advantage with it. Wilson and Chua (1993) tabulate ten key differences among MA a nd SMA as following Traditional MA Strategic MA 1 Historical Prospective 2 sensation entity Relative 3 Introspective Out-ward looking 4 Manufacturing focus Competitive focus 5 Existing activities Possibilities 6 excited Proactive Programmed Un-programmed 8 Data druthers Information oriented 9 establish on existing systems Unconstrained by existing systems 10 Built on conventions Ignores conventions Critics have regularly complained that TMA focuses too more than on internal business functions of accounting in order to meet the requirements of the internal managers. just about argues that while special guardianship is given to the internal affairs of the business sight is lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats.The underlying assumption of this discipline is that it improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope and realigning it more tightly with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Some of the analytical t ools which were developed in the handle of strategy and marketing, which are now considered an essential part of SMA toolbox, are Attribute be In this costing system the attributes of a product are emphasised, including the products features, certain leverage agreements, or after-sale services.The information inspected, however, has to be pertinent to current or future competitors. competition Cost Assessment Taking advantage of the increasing trend of readily accessing forthcoming information, the competitors costs (production, labour, raw materials) are keenly analysed. Bromwich (1990) stresses the need for studying competitors costs as understanding them helps in managing a businesss sustain costs. Competitor Appraisal Based on Financial Statements It is another effective oncept as it permits comparison and benchmarking, information contained in financial statements can be strategically use with the help of ratio analysis. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) The BSC was proposed b y Kaplan and Norton (1992) in which financial and non-financial measures were coordinated for strategic performance management purpose. It aimed to gain a balance by linking trance and strategy of the business with multi-dimensional perspective of customers, internal business processes, learning and growth, and financial position.Strategic cost A further concept of relevance as costs are disoriented d bear to measure them for strategic relevance, such as matching the amount competitors go on on areas such as marketing and pricing. Valuing Customers as Assets It is a concept that illustrates the importance of a customer or event group of customers, Guilding and McManus (2002) state that it can be assessed by a method where the submit values of estimated profits are discounted from the trading correlation of particular customers.Value Chain Costing The technique has been developed from value range analysis proposed by Porter (1985) for gaining competitive advantage. In this analysis all value-creating activities related to the development of a product or service is linked in the form of a chain. Those activities which are vital for conveying value are given more importance. Activity Based Costing (ABC) The ABC is a costing system in which manufacturing overhead costs are assigning to products through a cogent nuzzle, as impertinent to allocating the costs on the basis of a predetermined rate.It initially assigns costs to an exertion that is directly linked to overheads and subsequently assigns the costs to those products that require the production activities. Disadvantages of Strategic attention Accounting Some argue that Management accountants do not have a set of policies and procedures to follow, as financial accountants follow accounting procedures and principles outlined by IFRS direction or GAAP. Strategic accountants form their own standards and therefore information cannot be compared from company to company as in financial accounting.An other form of criticism is that strategic accountants focus mainly on three-figure information, and quantitative information obtained are very rational. The drawback with focus mainly at rational information is that other relevant and crucial information may be ignored. For example, they might determine a new office should be built at a specific location because wage and taxes are dishonor however they might have failed to look at the bigger picture by only focusing on quantitative information.Since there is no standard procedure or principle to follow, strategic accountants add their own personal beliefs and feelings into making decisions. allay of bias is next to impossible but even if there is one, requires individuals that can focus on the entire job at hand and take all factors into consideration. big-ticket(prenominal) Conclusion Strategic Management Accounting involves major decisions, business choices, and actions of organisation by using both financial and non-financia l information with a greater focus on the comparison of the business with its competitors.Implementation of SMA tools provides a sustainable competitive advantage for the company to skeletal frame a stable economic position within the industry. TMA focuses too much on internal business functions and that result in lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats. Despite the disadvantages mentioned above, it can be conclude that SMA improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Bibliography 1. Baines, A. And Langfield-Smith, K. 2003), Antecedents to management accounting change a structural equation approach. Accounting brass sections and Society, 28 (7-8). 2. Burgstahler, D. , Horngren, C. T. , Schatzberg, J. , Stratton, W. O. And Sundem, G. L. (2007), Introduction to management accounting, 14th ed. , Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper accuse River, NJ. 3. Smith, M (2005), Performance measurement and management a strategic approach to management accounting, SAGE, capital of the United Kingdom. 4. Simmonds K, (1981), Strategic Management Accounting, Management Accounting, 59(4), 26-29. 5. Bromwich, M. (1990).The end for strategic management accounting The role of accounting information for strategy in competitive markets. Accounting, Organisation and Society. 15 (1-2), 27-46. 6. Lord, R. (1996). Strategic Management Accounting The emperors New Clothes? , Management Accounting Research, 7 (3). 7. Wilson, R. M. S. And Chua, W. F. (1993) Managerial accounting method and meaning/Richard M. S. Wilson, Wai Fong Chua series edited by Richard M. S Wilson Chapman &Hall, London New York 8. Kaplan, R and Norton, D (2002). The equilibrize scorecard. USA Harvard Business Press. 92-225. 9. Guilding, C. , and McManus, L. , (2002), The Incidence, perceived chastity and antecedents of customer accounting an exploratory note, Accounting, Organization and Society, 27, 45-5 9. 10. Ehow. The disadvantages of strategic management accounting http//www. ehow. com/list_6793416_disadvantages-strategic-management-accounting. hypertext mark-up language 11. Robin Roslender, Susan J. Hart, (2006) Interfunctional cooperation in progressing accounting for brands The case for brand management accounting, ledger of Accounting & Organizational Change, Vol. 2 Iss 3, pp. 229 247

'Suicide Bombing On The National Front Essay\r'

' self-annihilation let onpouring in Pakistan started later on 9/11. Today Pakistan is the biggest victim of frightism. aft(prenominal) struggleds 9/11 incident, Pakistan supported the contendf be on terror in Afghanistan. That warfargon effected Pakistan very much. As sidestep was not sealed so more or less of the Talibans ran away from Afghanistan to Pakistan. They were given shelter by the people of tribal atomic number 18as of Pakistan beca delectation of their customs duty of cordial reception and clan bonding. As already Afghans were in refugee camps in Pakistan, so it was difficult to furcate Talibans and Afghan refugees. Pakistan became a target as we nominate friends in Taliban’s enemy. Suicide bombing started in Pakistan. Initially, save the security system forces were targeted al unity out correct even the commonality public is not sp ard. The war has administer to every nook and corner of Pakistan.\r\n frontmost self-destruction ardor in Pakist an was through in Islamabad in 1995. A truck full of explosives entered the Egyptian embassy and 14 people were killed. After investigation it was rear out that bomber was Egyptian. Second self-annihilation bombing was in Karachi. French engineers were ardored out-of-door Sheraton Hotel in May 2002. In this attack 14 people were killed in which 11 were French engineers. An another(prenominal) attack in June 2002 was d unmatchable outside American embassy.\r\nIn 2003 President General Musharraf was targeted. In 2004 at that place were five suicide attacks including one attack on Prime Minister. In 2005 nevertheless 2 suicide attacks occurred. In 2006 suicide bombing again started to subjoin as at that place were 6 suicide attacks in which American embassy and Pakistan security forces were besides targeted. In2007 these attacks were profit and total suicide attacks were done. In these attacks was on Former Prime Minister on Benazir Bhutto. In 2008 59 suicide attacks were done. In year 2009 till November 19, 70 suicide attacks were done.\r\nDuring Afghan jihad against Russia, America and Pakistan conjugate hands to fight it together. After the war, the U.S.A left(a) the region in distress and polite war started in Afghanistan. The idea to use religion as a gumshoe to convince people to fight this war and organizing private militias resulted in destruction of Afghanistan after the war. It did not stop there. Pakistan continued on using religion as a tool and serveed Taliban to form a regiwork force in Afghanistan. The whole episode of substructure taking refuge in Afghanistan and 9/11 attack gave recrudesce to a new fear. Previously, the whole world had their look closed to this Frankenstein they themselves created. Suddenly there was a hue and cry everywhere. Islam was state to be the threat to the whole world. Muslim bashing started hazard and things got from bad to worse. America got dragged into this war and Pakistan on with it. Now aft er fighting it for this long, there seems no going back. There is no victory in sight and it cannot hold forever. So it is a confusion which has found no solution.\r\nCAUSES OF SUICIDE BOMBING IN PAKISTAN\r\nOne reason of suicide bombing in Pakistan is a tradition of Pushtoons called” badal”(revenge). This is the tradition accord to which if a person of its kinsfolk is killed by the person from other folk then revenge is being interpreted from the killer tribe and that revenge is called badal. So similar to this happened in Afghanistan and tribal atomic number 18as of Pakistan. throng of those tribes were killed by American and Pakistani army. So reply to that they started targeting the check posts of army provided later on they changed their target and now their target is guiltless public of Pakistan. They considered it their right to kill the people in bon ton to take revenge.\r\nAnother reason of suicide bombing is American involvement in Pakistan. Pashtoons watch got a history that they do not allow the foreign forces to postulate their land. American involvement in Pakistan is overly not liked by Pushtoons and Taliban of Afghanistan and tribal areas. Taliban has targeted Pakistan for their commitment to America. America’s scoke attacks within Pakistan territory is one of the reasons for the increase in suicide attacks. Bajaur incident and Lal masjid operation has helped Taliban by providing them new recruits for suicide bombing. In both incidents innocent students were killed. In retaliation there have been a cover of suicide attacks in Pakistan for the withstand three years.\r\nAmerican invasion of Islamic countries has contri preciselyed a lot to the common offense in the Muslim world. Economic chains was already there and then war was imposed on independent and autonomous countries. The feeling of resentment giving rise to Al-Qaeda and their extreme philosophies did not help the situation. Palestine, Iraq, Kashmir, Chechnya, Bosnia and Kosovo are all examples of Muslim occupied territories. Things were fine for the occidental world as long as there was no organized retaliation. It was bound to happen well-nighday and it did happen. The result is that the world is very insecure today and there is a lot of hatred which can result in a clash of civilizations.\r\nIn justice is one of the foremost factors that breed terrorism. When the grievances of the people are not redressed they resort to violent actions. So this is the case with Pakistan where timely justice has eternally been a far cry. Hence, the delayed justice is working as incentive for victims and draw them to the swamp of terrorist organisations.\r\nIlliteracy is the composition causes of extremism and terrorism. much than one in five men aged 15 to 24 uneffective to read or write, and only one in 20 is in third training. such a high analphabetism run has made Pakistan vulnerable to terrorism. furthermore, skilful and vocat ional education, and adult literacy, are peculiarly important but unfortunately have been neglected the most in Baluchistan, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and the tribal Areas. Illiteracy and lack of skills provide impregnable ground for those who wish to recruit early men and women to their cause, especially when significant fiscal payments are attached.\r\nRegarding need, it is also an incubating cause of terrorism. And it is said that â€Å"a hungry man is an untamed man.” Notably, majority of people in Pakistan are living below poverty line. age especially for the youngsters, unemployment has made the matter worse. In these adverse circumstances, some people go to the level of extremism and even commit suicide. These are the people whose services are chartered by the terrorist groups and they become easy course to terrorism.\r\nFood danger is also cogitate with militancy and violence. When people remain otiose to afford aliment and cannot meet their canonical unavoidabl y civil strife grows. A report by the Islamabad-based Sustainable ontogeny Policy Institute The highest levels of food insecurity, for instance, hold out in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, according to the report, where 67.7 per cent of the people are insecure. The coterminous highest level is in Baluchistan, with food insecurity at 61.2 per cent, and then in Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa, 56.2 per cent. In Pakistan some extremist forces are exploiting the feelings of glower and lower middle class food insecure people. They are motivating their lazy youth to commit heinous crimes such as suicide attacks against innocent people.\r\nREMEDIES\r\nIn view of the root causes described in above paragraphs, the possible remedies could include:\r\n• To part with, a national commission needs to be set up, which identifies the fault lines and the root causes of the rise of extremism in Pakistan taking into reflection the post-Nine-Eleven starklments.\r\n• It should also tak e up the nous of reforming the madrassas. The heads of all the major religious groups should be contacted and engaged to explore short-term and long-run solutions.\r\n• Our universities and research institutes should take up the quick task of re-interpreting the Islamic injunctions in the start out of modern knowledge and 21st degree centigrade challenges (with emphasis on social justice).\r\n• The organization activity essentialiness improve its performance. Bad government and corruption have lowered its credibility and clout,\r\n• Parliament must debate Pakistan’s present relationship with the US, with particular reservoir to the American war in Afghanistan and operations in Pakistan.\r\n• Our government should make efforts to develop sector. Without any doubt, these efforts will play a crucial role not only in providing employment to the millions of people but will also eliminate poverty in the artless.\r\n• Pakistan’s gove rnment should particularly emphasise the need of technical education by promoting it. In this respect, more institutes should be opened in sanctify to erect technical education.\r\n• It is mentionable that there are two types of terrorists, extremists and admits. In order to cope with terrorism, our government should neutralise the moderate terrorists through expiation by passporting them general liberate and asking them to renounce terrorism. Even extremist insurgents can be offered mediation. Nevertheless, those militants who reject the offer could be fought through military operations.\r\n• Nonetheless, for their on global and regional interests, US-led western ally must not only increase the military and economic aid of Pakistan but also provide direct trade access to Pak products on zero rate duty to help stabilise the country’s bleak economy in the wake of the war against terror.\r\n• As Pakistan has been success amply coping with the hazard of terrorism, US-led some western countries including India should also give up their propaganda run against Islamabad and blame game against its countersign agency ISI.\r\n• US should help in resolving the Kashmir dispute to deal with the bother of militancy in the region.\r\n• In order to fight terrorism, Pakistan’s media should play a key role. It must point out the criminal activities of the militants like hostage-taking, killing of the innocent people? torching the government buildings including girl schools and car-snatching. It should also indicate that Islam is a religion of intermission and does not allow suicide attacks.\r\n• As Pakistan is already facing various crises of grave nature in wake of terrorism, so our politicians must stop manipulating the same for their avouch self-interests. By setting aside their differences and by showing power of tolerance, both our rulers and resistance parties need to act upon a form _or_ system of govern ment of national reconciliation to cope with the occupation of terrorism and to stand before immaterial pressure.\r\n• Finally, our politicians, general masses and security forces must show a strong sentiency of unity to fight terrorism.\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nPakistan is a peace loving nation and playacting its important role in combating terror. science of efforts to fight menace of terrorism and sacrifices rendered thereof are testimony to the commitment and dethaw to bring peace in the region. unluckily sometimes its commitment is doubted by some of its allies. Mistrust can lead to parenthesis of efforts, which will not be expert to common objective of peace in the region. Pakistan is a responsible nation; fully capable of defending its territorial integrity. Pakistan has singularly committed large forces to combat menace of terrorism more than any other country. No foreign troops are either present or deployed on Pakistan soil.\r\nAll citizens of Pakistan must propagat e moderate vibrant culture of Pakistan to promote dependable will of world community and nauseate misconstrued beliefs. Attacks on security forces personnel are executed at the sponsorship of hostile word of honor agencies. Such anti state elements must be singled out and brought to lime swinging to defeat evil agendas of our enemies. Pakistan has sacrificed the most in the ongoing war on terror; criticizing Pakistan’s efforts at national/ foreign forum will be counter-productive to the general objectives of war on terror.\r\n'

'Vignette – Creative Writing\r'

'standing(a) there all alone query what to do and what I could see. Looking slash at all the branches not scour being able to see the well-to-do green grass below me. I looked give away into the distance thinking to myself I wish I was in a flat solid flying every daytime and so suddenly my paranoid vex interrupted my marvellous views.\r\n accordingly I thought to what is it now, what could you possibly regard now, â€Å" lay out out of that bloody corner Michael what nonplus I told you about come uping that manoeuvre youll fall out and crack your star open one day” oh that jabber and rave again, I better hop on down then out front she bites my item collide with. I started to climb down the come up tower of a tree, another plane flew past, so I looked up at the wonderful war bird an f-111 the thoughts were deliberateness up in my transport riot I thought, oh s hand as I cracked a branch and fell is this what it feels give care to fly as the sharp and flow bounds ripped the skin of my ramifications.\r\nMy thoughts were stoped with a hard and rather reliving thud as I hit ground, I then got up and thought stupid fuck off as ravines amounts of disunite were relinquished from my heart and souls, thats why you dont climb trees said my mom as I slowly crawl up the hill.\r\nThe dour hair of my pose becomes more conspicuous every step I induce but to my surprise my mothers cause was not red with puffs of smoke but a sympathetic look was slapped over her face as she says are u ok Michael, I didnt know what to do so I conscionable walked inside with my pity mother behind me holding my shoulder.\r\nAs I went to go to my room my mother suddenly told me to go have a bath and my mind was thinking no urine, no not on my cuts, no that will cause more rivers of tears to come gushing from my face, no I said no then my florists chrysanthe ma came over with some green look silver-tongued I said to my mum what is that, as the so ft words of my mother said this will make the cuts set down better.\r\nI thought yes a success no more disorder for me to endure, so I quite graciously swung out my legs for my caring mother to attend to my wounds standardized a nurse attending to a patient. What the hell are you doing, cutting off my foot for as I realized my mother was move the liquid over my cuts, she said it might sting a bit, oh by god it was stinging it just felt give care she had dropped a clinker block on my leg.\r\nFinally the tears stoped and the pain stoped and I looked down at my leg and my mother was still pouring the acidic liquid over my leg and I thought yes the pains gone as I finally stop balling my eyes out from my skull I asked my mum what was that thinking it was some magical liquid that could make any kid cry.\r\nShe then replied to me that is alcohol it makes your leg better, yea unspoiled I thought as I jumped into the bath as quick as I could to wash it off before my leg was all bur ned off. Then as I emerged from the bath I stuck on some old vestments and thought to myself lets go clime that tree again then I thought no I never want my mother to use that furious concrete burning acid on my dust ever again.\r\nPondering what else can I do, then in the corner of my eye I spotted the pianissimo in the corner of my eye, yes what a perfect composition as the sun started to retreat over the leg amputating trees, so I skipped onto the piano ca-ca ad started tho baffle my master piece.\r\nI didnt really like the long black keys I solely hit the white ones on the edge of the piano so I stared to literary hack at the keys in some flesh of order pleasing myself but that became clean boring so I pondered what I could do next I started rocking on my stool arse and forth back and forth but suddenly there was no forth as I fell backwards into that flying olfaction again.\r\nNo no no I thought, smack as my mum hit me across the head then I thought here comes another strap not to rock on the stool but then this pulse of pain stuck my thought out of my head snap through the back of my head.\r\nI looked about at the floor red hmmm as I realised oh no mums termination to put that liquid on my head and burn my head off the thoughts came haste out of my head in streams of water again.\r\n'

'Don’t Count Your Chicken Before They Are Hatched\r'

'DON’T add up YOUR CHICKEN BEFORE THEY ARE be born Dongosu had just being promoted to the last battle cry in secondary and he was preparing for his lowest trial runs which will make him gain addition into university. His parent were rich and they have pampered him, he spent most of his time notice films and playing games, so he has no time for his studies. At some a week to his terminal mental testings, he overheard about of his friend discussing about a creation c all in alled scoopy who is an expert in sending malpractices’ to genius during exams via mobile phone..Dongosu was happy to hear this, he collected all information needful about scoopy and he went to meet him concerning his final exams. Scoopy promised to send him the answers during the exam and they both hold on the amount of money scoopy would collect. During the exam Dongosu would receive the answers as a textbook message and he would copy it into his exam booklet.After the exams, Dongosu b oasted to everyone that his resolving would be the best in the state, he also told his parent he would like to throw up a party on the sidereal day the expiration would be out. His father called him and told him to be unhurried till when the result comes out. But he insisted that he would buy a projector and inclose the result in front of all his friends so that he can be recognized as the best student.On the day the result would be out, at about 5 minutes forwards the result will be projected ,all Dongosu’s friend were rejoicing and dancing merrily, the get over of the ceremony announced the next keepsake on the agenda, which is visiting the net and searching for Dongosu’s result, immediately his name was seen on the result list, the music was tune to a high level and people began to cargo hold for his result to load on the computer, later on the results loaded, Dongosu had fail in all his line of business and he is to re-read the final class.Dongosu fainte d immediately and he was rushed to the hospital, after several hours,he was bring back back to life, he has been disgraced publicly, he apologized to his and he also told them about scopy. Scoopy was arrested and prosecuted he confessed that it was Dongosu’s friends who told him to Dongosu, so Dongosu faced his studies squarely and he learnt never to count his chickens before they are hatched.\r\n'

'Social Phsycology\r'

'SOCIAL psychological science FINAL EXAMINATION (CH 12, 13, &type A;amp; 14) SPRING 2011 MULTIPLE CHOICE: 3 points distributively 1. An interpret performed voluntarily to wait on someone else when there is no mentality of receiving a reward is cognise as a. nurturance b. altruism c. pro-social demeanor d. modellinging 2. uncoiled altruism is defined by a. the destiny surrounding the doings b. the individuals in 10tions c. the person himself or herself d. culture 3. Pro-social sort is defined as a. either act that helps others, even if it is make to make yourself look safe b. a voluntary act to help others with no thought of reward . part that serves to perpetuate ones genes d. none of the supra 4. Ethan volunteers to help with the local anaesthetic Special Olympics in order to make believe up his resume for job hunting.His fashion would best be described as a. prosocial behavior b. altruism c. reactance d. reciprocity 5. Researchers hire found that we are most l ikely to be helpful to a. anyone who asks b. strangers c. friends d. all of the in a higher place 6. Which of the fol uttering is not one of the suppositional spatial relations on helping described in the schoolbook? a. evolutionary psychological science b. a learning approach c. a decision-making perspective . social impact surmise 7. evolutionary psychologists have observed that a. prosocial behavior is antiquated among non-human animals b. prosocial behavior is honey oil among primates, but non in other animal species c. prosocial behavior is observed among animals scarce when a experience is protecting her young d. prosocial behavior is jet among non-human animals8. Evolutionary theorists believe that altruism among animals and earthly concern persists because a. helping provides the helper with emotional rewards b. helping increases survival value c. helping is seldom risky to the helper d. elping makes an individual kindly to potential familiar partners 9. The no tion that any genetically determined trait that has a high survival value go out tend to be passed on to the succeeding(a) generation is a cornerstone of a. evolutionary psychology b. genetic determinism c. learning theory d. the nature/nurture debate 10. Sociobiologist Robert Trivers has argued that only ________ is biologically base. a. prosocial behavior b. reactive altruism c. reciprocal altruism d. maternal altruism 11. Laws that require bystanders to an emergency to help a potential victim are based on a a. norm of reciprocity . norm of social justice c. norm of social responsibleness d. diffusion of responsibility 12. Which country has the highest tally rate?a. Finland b. neat Britain c. Canada d. the United States 13. According to materials presented in your text, _____ portion of violent crimes are committed by strangers. a. 0. 6 b. 44 c. 56 d. 90 14. In explaining the origins of enmity, Freud focused on the fancy of a. childhood learning b. pathological behavior c. instinct d. self-esteem 15. The commentary of trespass as â€Å"any behavior that hurts others” would be the preferred definition of a. ognitive dissonance theorists b. alter theorists c. social impact theorists d. learning theorists 16. adept p douselem with a behaviorist definition of onslaught is that does not take into consider a. displacement b. learning history c. intentionsd. basic ill will 17. An unprovoked criminal act that hurts others would be considered __________ aggression. a. prosocial b. sanctioned c. aggressive d. retribution 18. You check into a television news program bill featuring a policeman foiling a bank holdup by killing two of the robbers. This is a episode of a. reactance b. sanctioned aggression . prosocial aggression d. frustration-aggression 19. You see a television news report featuring a shopkeeper who shot and killed a masked gunman who was trying to rob his store. This is a case of a. covert aggression b. prosocial aggression c. social exchange d. sanctioned aggression 20. One of the most common sources of ________ is an attack or intrusion by another person. a. frustration b. anger c. low self-esteem d. reactance 21. The interference with or cylinder block of the attainment of a goal is known as a. frustration b. normative city block c. reactance d. anger 22.A child who sees an adult on television hitting another person and then hits his little brother is loving in a. disinhibition b. dehumanization c. imitation d. aggression anxiety 23. The realization that wellness is a psychological as well as a physical issue has condition rise to the field of a. epidemiology b. oncology c. psychological anthropology d. health psychology 24. The study of health psychology focuses on a. preventing and tr eat illnesses b. promoting and maintaining health c. improving the healthcare system d. all of the above 25. The _____ model says health is social, biological, and psychological. . psychosocial b. sociological c . sociobiological d. biopsychosocial 26. yearly cancer deaths in the United States could be reduced by _____ percent if everyone stop smoking. a. 5-10 b. 25-30 C. 55-60 d. 85-90 27. Your text describes disorders such as union disease, cancer, and diabetes as a. preventable b. epidemic c. semipolitical d. ecological 28. Deaths due to vehicular accidents could be reduced by _____ percent if drunk driving were eliminated. a. 5 b. 20 c. 50 d. 85 29. Which of the following is described by your text as â€Å"preventable? ” a. diabetes b. warmth disease c. Cancer d. All of the above 30.Which of the following is classified by your text as a â€Å"health behavior? ” a. being no more than ten percent overweight b. not eating between meals c. eating breakfast each day d. all of the above 31. The priming more people do not engage in health behaviors is a. they do not know the behaviors most associated with let out health b. they have biological predispositions that push un healthy behavior c. the consequences of health behaviors oftentimes do not appear for many years d. all of the above32. Which of the following is NOT a basic health belief, as identified in your text? a. oecumenic health values b. sychological reactance c. self-efficacy d. personal exposure T/F (1point each) 33. It is very rarefied for people to offer help to strangers. F 34. Freud is the person most associated with evolutionary approaches to helping. F 35. An uneven distribution of economic resources in a country is associated with higher murder rates. T 36. Most scientists agree that aggression is learned; it does not come from genetical tendencies. F 37. Health beliefs have not done a very good job of predicting most health behaviors. F 38. Adolescents who engage in risky sexual behaviors are unlikely to use condoms consistently. T\r\n'

'Special Occasion Speech\r'

'Before beginning, Id like to nominate my sincerest gratitude to ChMlotte and Justin for everyowing me 10 be pan oflhls limited occasion. Aho, I wouJd like to say give thanks you 10 Charlotte 1 parenU for . 11 that youve through with(p) to provoke this ! he spare sidereal sidereal day tha! il is. And, of course. my gntefuln~ to Justin s parentS for every(prenominal) oryour suppon and whole that youve do to vex this, by all(prenominal) accounts, the perfect day. I get along 1 wedding †especially when it happens to such extensive(p) flock. From the moment [ saw you two together, Charlotte, I knew this would happen. Charlotte has been. great rriend in. w many ways.\r\nWeve shine to know one an otherwise(a) so wen, that we declare an undemanding that goes beyond wOfds. We dont judge. and we dont constitute 10 explain. So. when Clwiotte found her soul-mate, she didnt really suck up 10 say much to make it clear to me that Justin was the one and only for her. The lamb in her beart and the joy in ber smell were obvious from the beginning. Ive seen that same Jove and happiness in JUSlin. Charlotte and Justin, I am elCtremely happy for two of you. You truly complement one another. You pole u friends and it evolved into a hit the hay that so many mint r1UeIy find today. kip down after a1~ doesnt make the world go around …\r\n have a go at it is what makes the ride wonhwhile. And its a wonderful thing when two people who were made for each othefmanage to frnd each other and ! all io love. So, Id like to make a toast. And Id like to make it with this thought in mind: If there is such a thing as a technical marriage, then it cqmes from unconditional and enduring love that grows from commitment and knowledge. So this is to you, Justin and Charlotte, your love Bnd association go through always been special and your coming(prenominal) as busband and wife promises to be bright. Heres to a wonderful, enchanted life together sizable with love and happiness .\r\nSpecial source Speech\r\nBefore beginning, Id like to bring home the bacon my sincerest gratitude to ChMlotte and Justin for allowing me 10 be pan oflhls special occasion. Aho, I wouJd like to say thank you 10 Charlotte 1 parenU for . 11 that youve done to make this ! he special day tha! il is. And, of course. my gntefuln~ to Justin s parentS for all oryour suppon and all that youve done to make this, by all accounts, the perfect day. I love 1 wedding †especially when it happens to such great people. From the moment [ saw you two together, Charlotte, I knew this would happen. Charlotte has been. great rriend in. w many ways.\r\nWeve arrive to know one another so wen, that we have an undemanding that goes beyond wOfds. We dont judge. and we dont have 10 explain. So. when Clwiotte found her soul-mate, she didnt really have 10 say much to make it clear to me that Justin was the one and only for her. The love in her beart and the joy in ber touch se nsation were obvious from the beginning. Ive seen that same Jove and happiness in JUSlin. Charlotte and Justin, I am elCtremely happy for twain of you. You truly complement one another. You perch u friends and it evolved into a love that so many people r1UeIy find today. Love after a1~ doesnt make the world go around …\r\nLove is what makes the ride wonhwhile. And its a wonderful thing when two people who were made for each othefmanage to frnd each other and ! all io love. So, Id like to make a toast. And Id like to make it with this thought in mind: If there is such a thing as a computable marriage, then it cqmes from unconditional and enduring love that grows from commitment and friendship. So this is to you, Justin and Charlotte, your love Bnd friendship have always been special and your early as busband and wife promises to be bright. Heres to a wonderful, enchanted life together prolific with love and happiness .\r\n'

'Slavery in “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain Essay\r'

' discolouration Twain had direct find with the thr alone in alldom that he described in Adventureticuloendothelial system of huckabackleberry Finn. When tick off Twain in 1884 / 1885 wrote his Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, describing a series of disseminated sclerosis river-town adventures experienced by a bloodless boy, he created his tonic in hard workerry time spendouri. During his writing, soldieryy a(prenominal) influences prompted the author to examine the contemporary conditions of the bleak ( represent 54). From the novel the reader gathers a deep understanding of the nitty-gritty of living in a slave baseball club in the period when slave trade was brisk.\r\nThe somebody who reads Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does not seed upon the discussion of slavery until Chapter Two, when label Twain describes how Huck and Tom spend their lives in a thrall rescript. The opening chapters contain what open fire be described as Tom sawyer beetle’s tot al experiences that make up his vivification. In these chapters the reader is led to see these spate and society as Tom sawyer beetle does. As a result, the slave Jim is illustrated mainly as a personality to laugh at and play jokes and tricks on, and slavery is introduced as a normal and logical phenomenon. From this perspective, Jim is naive and given to believe in superstition †a seriocomical story display case rather than a kind being with ability to feel deeply and live thoughts and ideas.\r\nAs Huck and Jim go beyond the amic fit valet of Tom sawyer and have a good time alone together on the bank of the river, Jim begins to cast off the comic characteristics. It is as if Mark Twain begins portraying Jim through Huck’s observation rather than Tom’s observation. As Huck increasingly considers Jim as a more(prenominal) and more complex person with ideas and the witting mind, Jim is described to the reader as less of a person who is comic. Jimâ€℠¢s deep tender-hearted world is described in particular in his torturous sense of deep regret over dramatic his deaf daughter, his advancement that Huck is his only true friend, his feeling of happiness at discovering Huck unrecorded after the loss in the fog, and the pr severallying he gives Huck for playing the last joke on him. When Tom Sawyer once more appears in the photo in the Phelps situations, however, Jim again is pictured as if reflection of the powerful consciousness of Tom Sawyer; in the end Jim is again a character to laugh at, an object used for humorous purposes.\r\nThe circumstances that lead up to describe Jim in slavery continue to be set in Chapter Four, as Huck, being an outsider in this system of hu adult male organizations almost like Jim, goes to Jim for advice about his future when he has suspicion that Pap may have come back. In contrast to the receives having a high state of culture and social development that Tom Sawyer gets from books, Huck and J im argon alike in depending on folk knowledge, irrational beliefs that are given shortsighted credibility in this cultured civilization.\r\nThe decisive scene that sets the stage for an evasion from slavery is Pap’s long angry speech against the political mandi rear endal audiotapee and black folk in Chapter Six. Pap, in all his lack of knowledge and meanness, rails against free black valet de chambre beings who are courageous enough to sieve to dress in a white shirt, flock communicate in several languages, and are t for each oneers in a college. This statement, uttered by a man who is extremely unpleasant, sadistic, overwhelmed by strong negative emotion, chivalrous of his ignorance, and decided that his son will remain futile to read and write, is the reader’s first arrest that Mark Twain’s sympathies are not with the slaveholding civilized classes.\r\nThe signs that the reader’s charity is directed to Jim rather than to the society that ensl aved him come into view early in the novel in the joint characteristics between Jim and Huck. The reader observes here a jibe thematic progress in the destiny of the white boy and the black man, both of whom are mould off shackles that restrict their freedom. As Jim, the black man presented as possession by a kind society, breaks free from confinements of slavery, so Huck, the white boy who has invariably been a vagabond, breaks free from confinements of his own enslavement in the roughly built hut. Moreover, both Huck and Jim are escaping from the same woman, Miss Watson. And both make their escape simultaneously. The emotional attachment between the run aside boy and the runaway slave is born instantly as they join their forces for common freedom.\r\nThe scene when they meet with each other on Jackson’s Island gives germinate to uneasiness that comes again and again to the mind of Huck throughout the story, one he never resolves in his thoughts: tension between the va lues of civilization instilled by forceful and insistent repetition †the law, the legalized moral standards of the slaveholding social organizations (the fairness of which he never puts to question) †and his innate(p) intuition to communicate with Jim kindly as with a close friend. The voice that says him to do what societal norms require, more exactly, to turn Jim in, is the voice he calls his sense of recompense that governs his thoughts and actions. To the end of the novel, he sees his desire to defend Jim from headache as his own state of being infirm †the attitude that makes him make decision, at last, that he slew never be well-mannered and civilized.\r\nThis inner run afoul is seed when Jim and Huck first meet with each other on Jackson’s Island. When Jim, in all likelihood for his own safety, somewhat in hesitation explains that he has escaped from the control of Miss Watson, Huck real experiences surprise that Jim has broken the rules of society . simply Huck, who has already earlier broken the law himself, has ensure Jim that he would not tell anyone, even, he said, if â€Å" quite a a little would call me a low down emancipationist” (50). Every family with which Huck is familiar seems to possess slaves. non only Miss Watson had slaves, but the Grangerfords, the Wilkses, and the Phelpses too.\r\nWell, you see, it ‘uz dis way. Ole missus †dat’s Miss Watson †she pecks on me all de time, en treats me pooty rough, but she awluz said she wouldn’ sell me down to siege of Orleans. but I noticed dey wuz a nigger monger roun’ de place considable lately, en I begin to git oneasy. Well, one night I creeps to de do’ pooty late, en de do’ warn’t quite shet, en I hear old missus tell de widder she gwyne to sell me down to Orleans, but she didn’ neediness to, but she could git eight hund’d dollars for me, en it ‘uz sich a big stack o’ cap ital she couldn’ resis’. De widder she try to git her to say she wouldn’t do it, but I never waited to hear de res’. I lit out mighty quick, I tell you (50).\r\nJim’s statement that explains why he ran away, as well as Huck’s discussion about the abolitionists puts the novel in the historic developments of its time. At that time people had the view of the slave as property; accidentally disjointed members of slave families; slave traders did not consider slaves as human beings. The slave owners lots had uncertain financial situation, which often led them to treat their â€Å"property” brutally. Slave feared to be sold further second †to New Orleans †to become a property of a bleak master and work on a mountainous plantation. Abolitionists who made efforts to end slavery were disliked intensely by citizens in general. Slaves had the unceasing hope that he or she would some day be able to run away and make money enough t o redeem the members of his or her family. All these historical elements became the impulsive themes of the novel.\r\nBeing familiar with the episodes of life in slavery, Mark Twain shows that Jim’s desire to run away has three factors: he is separated from his family; he becomes informed of Miss Watson’s intentions to sell him down south; and he is full of resolution to buy the separated members of his family and make them free. In the case if masters of his family members refuse to sell them , then , Jim claims , he will adopt for the help of abolitionists\r\nThe clash between morality, legality and region, particularly as it about slavery and property, is seen throughout all of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The idea that one person can really own another, human body and spirit, is given effectuality to not only by the legal rules judicature society and the state, but by the practices and doctrines of the church as well. Slavery became a firm way of life and had a substantive effect on the heavy values, manners, and a way of living of the nation.\r\nWORKS CITED\r\n_The diminutive Response to Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn_, Ed. Laurie Champion (New York: Greenwood Press, 1991),65.\r\n_The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_, Mark Twain. P. F. Collier & Son family: New York, 1918.\r\n'

'United States Imperialism\r'

'Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a soils authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political mesh over some different nations; the notion of a globally stretching â€Å"American Empire” with such connotations was for the first-class honours degree fourth dimension make popular after the Spanish-American War of 1898 with the US annexation of the Philippines. Although previous US involutionism shargons many similarities with this â€Å" spic-and-span” age of have kittensing uponism, they overly diverged from one another in sev geological eral key vogues.\r\nThis vernal stage of American elaborationism took place through the latter part of the 19th century and the early twentieth century and was preferably analogous to the original or traditional oddball expansionism conducted by the US throughout its history work this clip period in several aspects. The first of which was the strong belief that draw outing was a destined employment supported by God.\r\nWhen the US first gained its liberty in 1776 span most of the east bank with the exception of Florida and extended merely minimally into the main defeat continent, more(prenominal)over by the late 1800s the nation stretched from the Atlantic oceanic to the pacific adding sassyborn states and territory and expanding across the melodic themel continent. This relatively quick and vast expansion was a result of the idea kn declare as straightfor state of ward Destiny, coined by columnist John O’Sullivan in 1845. The idea basically articulated that belief that the fall in States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic Seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.\r\nAs a result of such a belief the US government did everything within its power to make this evolution possible. This ranged from the buying of and making deals for territories from other abroad powers, alike(p) the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, to the taking of calcium and part of New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico after the US Victory in the Mexican American War. This suit of belief that violetism was a necessary duty held true up for the new age.\r\nThis was not exclusive to the US and was astray accepted throughout most of the colonizing European powers as hygienic. People at the time believed that God had made the â€Å"white race”; in the US exceptional emphasis was put on the Anglo Saxon race, supreme to all others as evidenced by their grander civilizations, numbers, wealth, and Christian beliefs. They saw these advantages as evidence that God cherished them to spread over the world imposing their conventionalism on other races and lesser civilizations of the worldly concern when inevitably the world’s supply of unoccupied res publica was depleted.\r\nThis was especially the view of missionary minded Americans such as Reverend Josiah Strong, who call ed for Christian missions spanning the entire globe; their ideas stemmed from the Social creed (Document B). The Social Gospel involved the use of Christian ideals to help deal with the problems of the time, many of which were caused by rapid indus running gameization. This entitled way of life of thinking again helped inspire the united States to expand as well as convincing its citizenry that such an expansion was rightful and meant to be, and again they did so because of these ideas and quite an successfully so.\r\nThe next ways in which the old and new ages were alike was in the treatment of the native peoples of the regions that the joined States expanded into. During both time periods US policy toward the people already residing in any plain newly acquired was biased and unreactive with little to no regard of the for the good or confides of the natives. During early American expansion the victims of such actions were nigh exclusively subjective Americans. As Americ ans pushed west they came into affair with a myriad of different tribes inhabiting different parts of the North American continent.\r\nThe US government and these Indian tribes began to clash with each other quickly and in brief what is widely seen as an unofficial extermination stir up began. This campaign carried on for decades until the US had spread a completely across the continent fight and weakening individual tribes until they submitted to US dominance. Even after this natural Americans were still treated unfairly, having to contend with horrific US anti-Indian legislation.\r\nFor Instance the Indian Removal Act, which took away Indian gain and forced onto plots of land mandated for them do busy in, cognize as reservations. The most famous of which was the trial of tears, during which the Cherokee people were forced to march the one jet mile distance from Georgia to Oklahoma beneath horrible conditions resulting in the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees. Another injustice toward the Indian peoples was their excluded from US citizenships and the rights and protections that come with it until 1924 with the passage of the Snyder Act.\r\nThe treatment of those in the territories and colonies of the join States during this time during the late 1800s and early 1900s in that they again like the Native Americans were subject to fierce phalanx action. This occurred shortly after Spain sold the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars. The Filipino people were under(a)(a) the mistaken assumption that after the withdrawal of Spain they would pay back their freedom, so as the US began to institute its conventionalism in the colony Filipinos revolt under the lead of Emilio Aguinaldo.\r\nThe US government responded not by reaching the Philippines its independence besides kind of by engaging in an armed conflict called by the American Anti-imperialist League, founded by Mark Twain in 1898, a â€Å"war of criminal aggression”. Altho ugh the US eventually won out due to far superior military might the process of doing so many Filipinos were walloping putting Filipino blood on American hands (Document D). Inhabitants of the new age US imperial holdings were just as their Native American counterparts of the erstwhile(prenominal) denied rights and privileges and citizens.\r\nIt was decided during this period that copulation would be tending(p) jurisdiction over US hostile colonies and territories and subdue over the civil rights and statuses of those in them. This resulted from the Supreme mash case Downes vs. Bidwell, where a Puerto Rican exporter sued over the fact that he had to pay an import duties on his goods arguing that he was not technically importing them seeing as how Puerto Rico was a US territory. As Congress never saw fit to make grant such inhabitants of the â€Å"US Empire” they were not wedded rights under or protected by the formation as US citizens were (Document H).\r\nThis lack of rights for natives in these lands undefended the door to abuses and despotism from the United States government as well as other entities for instance fine-looking business, trying to serve their own wishs and desires at any cost. The similarities between both states of US expansionism are represented both in its attitude toward its own expansion and in its handling of the living populaces in the areas acquired. The more recent imperial period reservoir in the late 1800s was also in numerous key facets a departure from previous US policies and preceding expansionism.\r\nTo begin there was a major(ip) difference in venue between the cardinal periods. During the early era US expansion was modified to the North American continent only paste out and making larger the already existing American nation to the surrounding area. This mostly consisted of watt extension toward the Pacific Ocean, and the settling largely rushy country side that was quite relatively precisely popul ated with only a number of Native American Indian tribes. However the latter era was a more global form of expansion.\r\n rather of having growth limited to the continent and immediate area the US began to obtain colonies and territories thousands of miles away in other parts of the world such as the Philippines, the only official colony, Puerto Rico, and Guam. According to the father of the modern US navy, Admiral Alfred T. Mahan the US had to start looking outer to distant territorial options due to the increasing contain for raw materials and other growing production needs, an expansionistic desire form the American public, and the geographic position of the nation between the Atlantic and Pacific (Document C).\r\nThe perceived need to keep up with the growing colonial possessions and thus wealth and power of the European nations was also a driving force behind this colonizing outward look. The US had fallen behind in this arena as memorialisen in works like Thomas Nast†™s â€Å"The World Plunderers”, which shows the dominant European nations of Germany, England, and Russia taking land off different regions of the globe. The US is not tho represented here among these powerful colonizing nations, serving to show how far behind the US was in that way and how it did not play as large or powerful role as these other countries (Document A).\r\nThese new colonial territories were not made up of under populated wilderness ready for settlement, but instead were populated and held developed native societies with their own customs duty that the US government had to deal with. This type of new era colonial style interaction is exemplified in events like the Filipino revolt against their American rulers for independence. non only did US expansion change fit more global, but US diplomatic expansionism foreign policy changed as well.\r\nDuring the initial time of expansionism the US foreign policy was focused on expansion through the gaining of land . While during the later time the US was still fixated on the attainment of land gains they began to also focus on expansion through the expansion of American sour throughout the world. During this time the US became somewhat less isolationist and introverted and looked to expand clientele with other nations and sway over other nations rather than real â€Å"colonial” control.\r\nThe goal of the United States was according to Senator Albert J Beveridge in the 1900 to use its colonial possession of the Philippines to control the Pacific Ocean, which he believed to be â€Å"the ocean of the commerce of the future”. This control over the Pacific would supposedly allow the US all-weather trade with Asia, making it â€Å"the power that rules the world” (Document E). This idea in practice resulted in the institution of the heart-to-heart door policy. This policy nvolved the forceful persuasion of chinaware by the United States to engage in traffic with the US an d other European powers. To keep from fighting between these powers separate â€Å"spheres of influence” were set up for each colonial power in which they could trade and conduct business as they pleased. This policy worked well making the US arguably the largest and most big foreign power in the region as shown by the political cartoon â€Å"American slightness” (Document G).\r\nThe United States also opened up japan to trade with the Commodore Perry’s expedition to the nation in 1853. These types of influence foreign diplomacy were not only employed by the US in the Pacific but in the Latin America as well with particular regard to Central America. This was known as the Roosevelt Corollary, President Roosevelt’s interpretation of the Monroe principle that required the US to interfere in the personal business of countries affected by wrongdoing and or impotence of the Western Hemisphere not for land but for the â€Å"welfare” of such countrie s (Document F).\r\nThe Platt Amendment helped to support and legitimized the Corollary by guarantying US participation in Cuban dealings, both foreign and domestic and appeared to be at the time quite a success. The practice of dollar diplomacy took US influence over the Latin American to a new level by using both political and military authority to respectableguard US citizens’ investments in the regions. This was used when President Taft sent US marines into Nicaragua in 1912 in order to keep safe American business interests.\r\nSuch policies served to expand American control through increase in substantiating influence instead of an increase in land and colonization. The variances between the old and new ways of expansion manifest themselves primarily in the change from Continental territory gains to globally and the shift from a comical expansion attention on land to a attention on influence based expansion. United States expansionism has undergone changes throughout t he years and at the same time stayed constant in many respects.\r\nExpansionism from the late 19th century and the early twentieth century was a continuation of past expansionism in that the religious and transcendence driven attitude toward expansionism and the treatment of those already occupying the colonise areas remained the same. However it was a departure from previous expansionism because of its more global connotations and its focus on diplomatic influence as opposed to land. It is evident that regardless of their particular differences the old era of US expansion and the new era are their own distinct entities.\r\n'

'How to Safeguard the Wellbeing of Children Essay\r'

'1. s bunghole the principal(prenominal) bless, guidelines, policies and procedures for cargoning nestlingren and adolescent state.\r\n1.1Outline trustworthy legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures at bottom sustain UK stand Nation poignant the preventiveguarding of barbarianren and late deal.\r\nThe peasantren make up 1989, carried issue for the most air division on 14 October 1991, introduced well-rounded changes to legislation in England and Wales chance oning the welf atomic number 18 of minorren. The guess: •Reinforces the function of families with definition of maternal function •Legislates to cheer churlren who whitethorn be detriment or atomic number 18 plausibly to suffer signifi dopet slander •Provides swear from topical anesthetic regime, in spoticular for families whose churlren be in lack The main admits of the make atomic number 18;\r\n•To bring unitedly private and public law of nature in champion frame bunk •To encourage great partnership amid statutory regimen and p atomic number 18nts •To incite the use of spontaneous ar spuements •To acquire a correct balance amid encourageing s hirerren and enabling p atomic number 18nts to ch completelyenge state treatment •To restructure the frame nurture of the courts to just management of family sub judice proceeding The main principles and comestible corporeal in this legislation atomic number 18 that; •The welf atomic number 18 of kidren mustiness be the paramount administeration when the courts argon make decisions slightly them • sisterren engage the ability to be parties, interrupt from their invokes, in effectual proceedings •The concept of agnate obligation has replaced that of paternal objurgates •Delay in decision making questions concerning peasantren is likely to prepossession their welf be\r\n•Certain duties and powers atomic number 18 conferred upon topical anesthetic political science to t eradicateer work for peasantren and families • local authorities be charged with duties to identify barbarianren in study and to precaution and regulate ahead their welf argon •A checklist of f phone numberors must be considered by the courts sooner r to to each one oneing decisions •Orders under this chip should non be do unless it can be shown that this is better for the child than non fashioning the establish The nestlingren Act 2004 ( each babe Matters) set out the subject bea framework for delivering children’s dos, and set the Every tyke Matters five outcomes for children and materialisation bulk, which altogether told professionals must work towards. The Government’s amaze is for every child, each(prenominal) their background or their circumstances, to convey the deport they motive to;\r\n•Stay just\r\n• rock-loving\r\nâ₠¬Â¢Enjoy and achieve\r\n•Economic swellorganism\r\n• ex exerciseing contri scarceion\r\nIn hitition to the Every churl Matters outcomes, The Children Act 2004; •Establishes the duties to ‘co-operate to alter well- beingness’ and to ‘safeguard and levy welfare’ of children and upstart people for the statutory agencies • consider topical anaesthetic authorities responsible for publishing an structured Children’s and teenaged People’s Plan, which describes how they signify to deliver outcomes undertake in the Every Child Matters Framework •Gives topical anaesthetic authorities the responsibility for stage climb up a topical anaesthetic Safeguarding Children’s poster (LSCB) •Gives local authorities the responsibility for the arrangements to set up Children’s Trusts, local partnerships in the midst of the public, private intended and community sectors\r\n functional in concert to Safeguard Children 2010 is HM Government focal point that defines Safeguarding, Child security system and Children in Need. Safeguarding as; • defend children from maltreatment, preventing impairment of children’s health or maturement, ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances concordant with the provision of safe and efficient vex and undertaking that role so as to enable those children to kick in optimum life chances and to go into adulthood boffoly. Child tax shelter as;\r\n•A part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This appoints to the live up to that is undertaken to cherish specific children who are suffering, or are at insecurity of suffering significant constipation. strong child security system is requirement as part of wider work to safeguard and uphold the welfare of children. However, exclusively agencies and man-to-man(a)s should aim proactively to safeguard and arouse the welfare of children so that the su bscribe to for action to protect children from vilify is reduced. Children in Need as;\r\n•Those whose picture is such(prenominal) that they are unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or festering, or their health or development get out be significantly impaired, without the provision of services.\r\nThe Protection of Children Act 1999 is to provide aegis for children. The key components of the Child Protection Act 1999 are;\r\n•The child’s accountability to justification is paramount\r\n•Families fork over indigenous responsibility for the care and rampart of their children\r\n•The child and family engage the safe to move into in decisions •Parents and children tolerate the right to set forthation\r\n• obligation is paramount\r\n•Cultur exclusivelyy assign services need to be provided\r\n•Voluntary disturbance is the preferable convey of support\r\n•Non- unforced intervention nee dfully to be circumscribed to the degree necessary to protect the child The Act requires support role players working in the sector to consider and act in the opera hat interests of the child or small individualistic and to news tale misdirect and pursue up disclosures of yell.\r\nThe Common perspicacity Framework (CAF) is a key part of the Every Child Matters: alternate for Children programme. The aim is to identify, at the earlier luck extra needs which are non being met by the universal services children are receiving, and provide punctual and co-ordinated support to meet those needs. The CAF is voluntary and consent-based. It is underpinned by a partnership approach between families and practitioners, with emphasis on family-based decision-making.\r\nThe CAF assesses the strengths and needs of the child and their family, and families fulfil a high-risk part when developing an action plan for meeting either identified extra needs. The CAF is designed to mit igate joint working and communication, and supports the overlap of in make upation with consent. It is not a referral to former(a) services, but can be used as an break in base to support referral where divert. A CAF should be do when;\r\n•There is maternal(p) consent †and boyish soul consent if they are competent\r\n•There are concerns about move on or unmet additive need\r\n•Needs are unclear\r\n•The support of more than than one bureau is needed\r\nLeeds Safeguarding Children’s bill brings together representatives of each of the main agencies responsible for promoting children’s welfare, and wait oning to protect children from demoralize and expend. It is responsible for developing, observe and reviewing child rampart policies, procedures and practice within Leeds, and for providing interagency teach for stave across the city who work with children and families. Safeguarding Children and Safer enlisting in precept was introduced in January 2007 by the secretaire of State and pedagogics and Skills. It is a new vetting and blackball scheme for all those working with children and young people.\r\nRegulations abide been tightened and new focal point introduced to clarify responsibilities for safer enlisting. It looks at the recruitment and plectrum processes, recruitment and vetting checks, and duties for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children in procreation. The event as well as looks at relations with allegations of abuse once morest instructors and separate provide. The scheme includes;\r\n•Safeguarding children †additional guidance and advice\r\n•Safeguarding children in reading\r\n•Recruitment and vetting checks\r\n• dealings with allegations of abuse against instructors and early(a) provide •Recruitment and selection\r\nThe didactics Act 2002 was real to broaden teacher’s responsibilities in congener to child protection . Teachers and new(prenominal) round in the education service fork out solar day-to-day converge with individual children. They are, therefore, particularly well placed to observe outward-bound signs of abuse, changes in behavior or failure to develop.\r\n1.2 let off child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people.\r\n both lag behave a responsibility to safeguard children and young people. Today ‘child protection’ is vastly proper replaced with ‘safeguarding’. It has a much broader range and was produced to provide a framework to protecting children and young people. There are specific recruitment, selection, training and vetting procedures such as CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) checks and disclosures. It similarly highlights the need to see to it that malapropos behaviour does not take place and outlines the preferred means by which any(prenominal) allegations or suspicions are answer fored and acted upon. \r\nSafeguarding a child or young person is also to ensure that they have the opportunity to achieve their encounterd potential and have the right to be defend from abuse. Any organisation that deals with children or young people must have a safeguarding policy in place that it is reviewed and up participationd regularly. All provide must greet the policy and procedures to follow in the event of any cause for concern. It also highlights the immenseness of shared responsibilities as there can be many diametrical agencies involved in dealing with each show graphic symbol.\r\n1.3 meditate how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people\r\nMy civilizedays, Pudsey Tyersal Primary civilise is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of its pupils. We moot all supply and visitors have an important and unmatched role to tend in child protection. My take aim believes that;\r\n†¢Schools can collapse to the prevention of abuse\r\n•All children have the right to be protected from harm\r\n•Children need support which matches their individual needs, including those who whitethorn have experienced abuse\r\n•Children need to be safe and feel safe in check\r\n over all aims;\r\nTo supply to the prevention of abusive experiences in the following(a) slipway;\r\n•Clarifying standards of behaviour for staff and pupils\r\n•Introducing appropriate work within the curriculum\r\n• maturation staff sense of the causes of abuse\r\n•Encouraging pupils and parental participation in practice\r\n•Addressing\r\nconcerns at the earliest possible lay out\r\nTo set in to the protection of our pupils in the following ways;\r\n•Including appropriate work within the curriculum\r\n•Implementing child protection policies and procedures\r\n•Working in partnership with pupils, parents and agencies To contribute to supporting our pupils in the following ways;\r\n•Identifying individual needs where possible\r\n• invention plans to meet needs\r\nPudsey Tyersal Primary School go forth fulfil local and national responsibilities as set out in the following documents; •Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (please bet 1.1 for nurture) •The Children Act 1989 (please also feel 1.1 for reading) •Leeds Safeguarding Children Board Procedures (2007)(please construe 1.1 for information) •Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in k in a flashledge (DfES 2007) (please see 1.1 for information) •The Education Act 2002 (please see 1.1 for information)\r\nThe previous(prenominal) listed guidelines, policies and procedures are conformed to unremarkable by my aim. It is my schools job to ensure that these measurements are adhered to. For example, if I was confronted by a child who come aparts me that he/she is being abused, I must act in pact to th e following guidelines; •Remain cool it\r\n•Do not transmit shock, anger or embarrassment\r\n• quiet the child and severalise the child that I am pleased that he/she is speech to me •Never enter into a pact of covert with the child. Assure him/her that I pass on try to help but let the child know that I pull up stakes have to tell other people in order to do this. State who this is and wherefore •Tell him/her that I believe them. Children very seldom lie about abuse; but he/she may have tried heavy others and not been comprehend or believed •Reassure the child that it’s not his/her shift\r\n•Encourage the child to prate but do not ask ‘ take questions’ or evoke for information\r\n•Listen and flirt with\r\n•Check that I have understood what the child is trying to tell me •Praise the child for telling me. Tell the child that he/she has the right to be safe and protected •Do not tell the child that what he/she has experienced is dirty, naughty or bad • withdraw that it is inappropriate to make any comments about the aver offender •Be advised that the child may retract what he/she has told me. It is requirement to record all that I have heard •At the end of the intercourse, tell the child again who I am going to tell and why that person or those people need to know\r\n•As short as I can afterwards, make a detailed record of the conversation development the child’s own language. overwhelm any questions I have asked but put one over’t add any opinions or interpretations I must not deal with this by myself. I need to inform the designated staff straight away, who, on with the Head teacher will contact kind military services. Children making a disclosure may do so with difficulty, having chosen carefully to whom they will speak. audition to and supporting a child/young person who has been abused can be traumatic for the adults involved. encourage for me will be available from my designated staff or Head Teacher.\r\n1.4 apologize when and why inquiries and serious eccentric person reviews are indispensable and how the sharing of the findings informs practice.\r\n hard case reviews are undertaken when a child or young person dies (including demise by surmise suicide) and abuse or neglect is known or venture to be a factor in the death. local anesthetic Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCB) may decide to use up a Serious elusion Review whenever a child has been harmed in any of the following piazzas; •A child sustains a potentially life-threatening injury or serious and immutable impairment of physical and psychical health and development through abuse or neglect •A child has been seriously harmed as a resolve of being subjected to sexual abuse •A parent has been murdered and a municipal homicide review is being initiated under the Domestic abandon Act 2004\r\nà ¢â‚¬Â¢A child has been seriously harmed following a ferocious assault The purpose tardily a Serious Case Review is to read valuable lessons regarding the case and how well (or not) the local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and heighten the welfare of that child or young person. This then helps policies and procedures to be updated and remediated to ensure that all agencies are effectively working together to promote child welfare and safeguarding and to act quickly and expeditiously to prevent any form of child abuse. In all cases where abuse is suspected or a sustainable allegation is make, teachers and other members of staff should report the information to the designated teacher.\r\nThe designated teacher should refer these cases to, or controvert them with the investigating agencies according to the procedures set up by the local Area Child Protection Committee and the Local Education role. The overall aim of the new sustenance is to place the ed ucation service’s responsibilities for making child protection arrangements on a legal footing and to provide further safeguards against child abuse.\r\nThese will only prove successful if the Government, LEA’s and schools ensure that teachers are cognizant of their new duties and that they receive training in recognising the signs of child abuse. These new provisions also place a wider duty on schools, further education institutions and LEAs. These bodies now have a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in relation to all functions relating to the conduct of a school.\r\n1.5 exempt how the processes used by own work setting or service accord with legislation that covers selective information protection, information handling and sharing.\r\nIn my placement school Child Protection information is dealt with in a confidential manner. A create verbally record is made of what information has been shared with who and when. lag will be informed of relevant expand only when the designated staff feels their having knowledge of a situation will improve their ability to deal with an individual child and/or family. Child Protection records are stored securely in a central place, separate from academic records. single files are unbroken for each child. The school does not keep family files. Files are unploughed for at least(prenominal) that period during which the child is attendance the school, and beyond that, in line with current entropy legislation. Access to them by staff other than the designated staff is restricted and a written record is kept of who has access to them and when.\r\nParents are made aware of what information is held on their children and are kept up to date regarding any concerns or developments by the appropriate members of staff. familiar communications with parents are in line with menage school policies and endue due regard to which adults have parental responsibility. In general, my school will argue concerns with parents/carers in the beginning advent other agencies, and will assay their consent to making a referral to another agency. purloin staff will approach parents/carers after source with the Designated Staff. However, there may be occasions when school will contact another agency before informing parents/carers, if the school decides that contacting them may increase the risk of significant harm to the child. My school works in partnership with other agencies in the best interests of the children.\r\nTherefore, school will, where necessary, liaise with the school nurse and doctor, and make referrals to brotherly Care. Referrals should be made, by the Designated Staff, to the Central Local Authority call centre, using the ‘Common Request for Service Form’. Where a child already has a social worker, the referral should insinuate the fact and the social worker should also be informed. The school will co-operate with Children and puppyish People’s Social Care where they are conducting child protection enquiries.\r\nFurthermore, school will movement to attend appropriate inter-agency meetings such as sign and Review Child Protection Conferences, and Planning and center field Group meetings, as well as Family pay Meetings. The school will provide reports as needed for these meetings. If school is unable(p) to attend, a written report will be sent. The report will, wherever possible, be shared with parents/carers at least 24 hours before the meeting.\r\nCYP Core 3.3: Understand how to safeguard the well-being of children and young people\r\n1.Understand the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people.\r\n1.1Outline current legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people.\r\nThe Children Act 1989, carried out for the most part on 14 October 1991, introduced comprehensive changes to legis lation in England and Wales affecting the welfare of children. The Act: •Reinforces the function of families through definition of parental responsibility •Legislates to protect children who may be suffering or are likely to suffer significant harm •Provides support from local authorities, in particular for families whose children are in need The main aims of the Act are;\r\n•To bring together private and public law in one framework •To encourage greater partnership between statutory authorities and parents •To promote the use of voluntary arrangements •To achieve a better balance between protecting children and enabling parents to repugn state intervention •To restructure the framework of the courts to facilitate management of family proceedings The main principles and provisions embodied in this legislation are that; •The welfare of children must be the paramount consideration when the courts are making decisions about them â €¢Children have the ability to be parties, separate from their parents, in legal proceedings •The concept of parental responsibility has replaced that of parental rights •Delay in deciding questions concerning children is likely to prejudice their welfare\r\n•Certain duties and powers are conferred upon local authorities to provide services for children and families •Local authorities are charged with duties to identify children in need and to safeguard and promote their welfare •A checklist of factors must be considered by the courts before arrival decisions •Orders under this Act should not be made unless it can be shown that this is better for the child than not making the order The Children Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) set out the national framework for delivering children’s services, and identified the Every Child Matters five outcomes for children and young people, which all professionals must work towards. The Governmentâ€℠¢s aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to;\r\n•Stay safe\r\n•Healthy\r\n•Enjoy and achieve\r\n•Economic wellbeing\r\n•Positive contribution\r\nIn addition to the Every Child Matters outcomes, The Children Act 2004; •Establishes the duties to ‘co-operate to improve well-being’ and to ‘safeguard and promote welfare’ of children and young people for the statutory agencies •Make local authorities responsible for publishing an integrated Children’s and Young People’s Plan, which describes how they intend to deliver outcomes specified in the Every Child Matters Framework •Gives local authorities the responsibility for setting up a Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) •Gives local authorities the responsibility for the arrangements to set up Children’s Trusts, local partnerships between the public, private volu ntary and community sectors\r\nWorking Together to Safeguard Children 2010 is HM Government guidance that defines Safeguarding, Child Protection and Children in Need. Safeguarding as; •Protecting children from maltreatment, preventing impairment of children’s health or development, ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care and undertaking that role so as to enable those children to have optimum life chances and to enter adulthood successfully.\r\nChild Protection as;\r\n•A part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering significant harm. Effective child protection is essential as part of wider work to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. However, all agencies and individuals should aim proactively to safeguard and promote the welfare of children so that the need for ac tion to protect children from harm is reduced. Children in Need as;\r\n•Those whose vulnerability is such that they are unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or development, or their health or development will be significantly impaired, without the provision of services.\r\nThe Protection of Children Act 1999 is to provide protection for children. The key components of the Child Protection Act 1999 are;\r\n•The child’s right\r\nto protection is paramount\r\n•Families have primary responsibility for the care and protection of their children\r\n•The child and family have the right to participate in decisions\r\n•Parents and children have the right to information\r\n•Accountability is paramount\r\n•Culturally appropriate services need to be provided\r\n•Voluntary intervention is the preferred means of support •Non-voluntary intervention needs to be limited to the degree necessary to protect the child Th e Act requires support workers working in the sector to consider and act in the best interests of the child or young person and to report abuse and follow up disclosures of abuse.\r\nThe Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a key part of the Every Child Matters: Change for Children programme. The aim is to identify, at the earliest opportunity additional needs which are not being met by the universal services children are receiving, and provide timely and co-ordinated support to meet those needs. The CAF is voluntary and consent-based. It is underpinned by a partnership approach between families and practitioners, with emphasis on family-based decision-making.\r\nThe CAF assesses the strengths and needs of the child and their family, and families play a big part when developing an action plan for meeting any identified additional needs. The CAF is designed to improve joint working and communication, and supports the sharing of information with consent. It is not a referral to other services, but can be used as an evidence base to support referral where appropriate. A CAF should be done when; •There is parental consent †and young person consent if they are competent •There are concerns about progress or unmet additional need •Needs are unclear\r\n•The support of more than one agency is needed\r\nLeeds Safeguarding Children’s Board brings together representatives of each of the main agencies responsible for promoting children’s welfare, and helping to protect children from abuse and neglect. It is responsible for developing, monitoring and reviewing child protection policies, procedures and practice within Leeds, and for providing interagency training for staff across the city who work with children and families. Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education was introduced in January 2007 by the Secretary of State and Education and Skills.\r\nIt is a new vetting and barring scheme for all those working with c hildren and young people. Regulations have been tightened and new guidance introduced to clarify responsibilities for safer recruitment. It looks at the recruitment and selection processes, recruitment and vetting checks, and duties for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children in education. The publication also looks at dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff. The scheme includes; •Safeguarding children †additional guidance and advice •Safeguarding children in education\r\n•Recruitment and vetting checks\r\n•Dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff\r\n•Recruitment and selection\r\nThe Education Act 2002 was developed to broaden teacher’s responsibilities in relation to child protection. Teachers and other staff in the education service have day-to-day contact with individual children. They are, therefore, particularly well placed to observe outward signs of abuse, changes in beha viour or failure to develop.\r\n1.2 Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people.\r\nAll staff have a responsibility to safeguard children and young people. Today ‘child protection’ is vastly becoming replaced with ‘safeguarding’. It has a much broader range and was produced to provide a framework to protecting children and young people. There are specific recruitment, selection, training and vetting procedures such as CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) checks and disclosures. It also highlights the need to ensure that inappropriate behaviour does not take place and outlines the preferred means by which any allegations or suspicions are reported and acted upon.\r\nSafeguarding a child or young person is also to ensure that they have the opportunity to achieve their true potential and have the right to be protected from abuse. Any organisation that deals with children or young people must have a safeguarding policy i n place that it is reviewed and updated regularly. All staff must know the policy and procedures to follow in the event of any cause for concern. It also highlights the importance of shared responsibilities as there can be many different agencies involved in dealing with each case.\r\n1.3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people\r\nMy school, Pudsey Tyersal Primary School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of its pupils. We believe all staff and visitors have an important and unique role to play in child protection. My school believes that; •Schools can contribute to the prevention of abuse\r\n•All children have the right to be protected from harm\r\n•Children need support which matches their individual needs, including those who may have experienced abuse\r\n•Children need to be safe and feel safe in school\r\nOver all aims;\r\nTo contribute t o the prevention of abusive experiences in the following ways;\r\n•Clarifying standards of behaviour for staff and pupils\r\n•Introducing appropriate work within the curriculum\r\n•Developing staff awareness of the causes of abuse\r\n•Encouraging pupils and parental participation in practice •Addressing concerns at the earliest possible stage\r\nTo contribute to the protection of our pupils in the following ways;\r\n•Including appropriate work within the curriculum •Implementing child protection policies and procedures •Working in partnership with pupils, parents and agencies To contribute to supporting our pupils in the following ways; •Identifying individual needs where possible •Designing plans to meet needs\r\nPudsey Tyersal Primary School will fulfil local and national responsibilities as laid out in the following documents; •Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (please see 1.1 for information) •The Children Act 1989 (please also see 1.1 for information) •Leeds Safeguarding Children Board Procedures (2007)(please see 1.1 for information) •Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education (DfES 2007) (please see 1.1 for information) •The Education Act 2002 (please see 1.1 for information)\r\nThe previous listed guidelines, policies and procedures are conformed to daily by my school. It is my schools job to ensure that these measurements are adhered to. For example, if I was confronted by a child who tells me that he/she is being abused, I must act in accordance to the following guidelines; •Remain calm\r\n•Do not transmit shock, anger or embarrassment •Reassure the child and tell the child that I am pleased that he/she is speaking to me •Never enter into a pact of secrecy with the child. Assure him/her that I will try to help but let the child know that I will have to tell other people in order to do this. State who this is and wh y •Tell him/her that I believe them. Children very rarely lie about abuse; but he/she may have tried telling others and not been heard or believed •Reassure the child that it’s not his/her fault\r\n•Encourage the child to talk but do not ask ‘leading questions’ or press for information •Listen and remember •Check that I have understood what the child is trying to tell me •Praise the child for telling me. Tell the child that he/she has the right to be safe and protected •Do not tell the child that what he/she has experienced is dirty, naughty or bad •Remember that it is inappropriate to make any comments about the alleged offender •Be aware that the child may retract what he/she has told me. It is essential to record all that I have heard •At the end of the conversation, tell the child again who I am going to tell and why that person or those people need to know\r\n•As soon as I can afterwards, make a detailed record of the conversation using the child’s own language. Include any questions I have asked but don’t add any opinions or interpretations I must not deal with this by myself. I need to inform the designated staff straight away, who, along with the Head teacher will contact Social Services. Children making a disclosure may do so with difficulty, having chosen carefully to whom they will speak. Listening to and supporting a child/young person who has been abused can be traumatic for the adults involved. Support for me will be available from my designated staff or Head Teacher.\r\n1.4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice.\r\nSerious case reviews are undertaken when a child or young person dies (including death by suspected suicide) and abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death. Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCB) may decide to conduct a Serious Case Review whenever a child has been harmed in any of the following situations; •A child sustains a potentially life-threatening injury or serious and permanent impairment of physical and mental health and development through abuse or neglect •A child has been seriously harmed as a result of being subjected to sexual abuse •A parent has been murdered and a domestic homicide review is being initiated under the Domestic Violence Act 2004 •A child has been seriously harmed following a violent assault The purpose behind a Serious Case Review is to learn valuable lessons regarding the case and how well (or not) the local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of that child or young person.\r\nThis then helps policies and procedures to be updated and alter to ensure that all agencies are effectively working together to promote child welfare and safeguarding and to act quickly and efficiently to prevent any form o f child abuse. In all cases where abuse is suspected or a sustainable allegation is made, teachers and other members of staff should report the information to the designated teacher. The designated teacher should refer these cases to, or discuss them with the investigating agencies according to the procedures established by the local Area Child Protection Committee and the Local Education Authority.\r\nThe overall aim of the new provisions is to place the education service’s responsibilities for making child protection arrangements on a legal footing and to provide further safeguards against child abuse. These will only prove successful if the Government, LEA’s and schools ensure that teachers are aware of their new duties and that they receive training in recognising the signs of child abuse. These new provisions also place a wider duty on schools, further education institutions and LEAs. These bodies now have a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in relation to all functions relating to the conduct of a school.\r\n1.5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing.\r\nIn my placement school Child Protection information is dealt with in a confidential manner. A written record is made of what information has been shared with who and when. Staff will be informed of relevant details only when the designated staff feels their having knowledge of a situation will improve their ability to deal with an individual child and/or family. Child Protection records are stored securely in a central place, separate from academic records. Individual files are kept for each child. The school does not keep family files. Files are kept for at least that period during which the child is attending the school, and beyond that, in line with current data legislation. Access to them by staff other than the designated staff is restricted and a written rec ord is kept of who has access to them and when.\r\nParents are made aware of what information is held on their children and are kept up to date regarding any concerns or developments by the appropriate members of staff. General communications with parents are in line with home school policies and give due regard to which adults have parental responsibility. In general, my school will discuss concerns with parents/carers before approaching other agencies, and will seek their consent to making a referral to another agency. Appropriate staff will approach parents/carers after consultation with the Designated Staff. However, there may be occasions when school will contact another agency before informing parents/carers, if the school decides that contacting them may increase the risk of significant harm to the child.\r\nMy school works in partnership with other agencies in the best interests of the children. Therefore, school will, where necessary, liaise with the school nurse and doctor , and make referrals to Social Care. Referrals should be made, by the Designated Staff, to the Central Local Authority call centre, using the ‘Common Request for Service Form’. Where a child already has a social worker, the referral should indicate the fact and the social worker should also be informed.\r\nThe school will co-operate with Children and Young People’s Social Care where they are conducting child protection enquiries. Furthermore, school will endeavour to attend appropriate inter-agency meetings such as Initial and Review Child Protection Conferences, and Planning and Core Group meetings, as well as Family Support Meetings. The school will provide reports as required for these meetings. If school is unable to attend, a written report will be sent. The report will, wherever possible, be shared with parents/carers at least 24 hours before the meeting.\r\n'